NAME ……………………………………..……	DATE …………………ADM NO. ……..

							SIGNATURE	….………..…..……….

312/1
GEOGRAPHY FORM THREE
PAPER 1
OPENER EXAMINATION TERM 3, 2022

TIME: 23/4 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
•	This paper has two sections, A andB.
•	Answer all the questions in section A
•	Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions in section B.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY
SECTION	QUESTION	MARKS	SCORE	
A	1-5	25		

B	6	25		
	7	25		
	8	25		
	9	25		
	10	25		
TOTAL MARKS	100		

TOTAL SCORE		

         Section A [25MARKS]

1	a) what is a solstice 		                                                            [2MARKS]							
               														
            b) State three effects of the revolution of the earth	             [3MARKS]		

2. 	(a) What is an air mass?	                                                                (2 MARKS)				
				
    	(b)Study the diagram below and name the air masses marked A, B , C and D	

A-
B-
C-
D-										(4mks)
 
  3a] Give two ways through which rocks may be metamorphosed.	  	(2Marks)

	
    b) Name two examples of plutonic rocks                                            		(2Marks)

4 (a) Differentiate between veins and lodes                                              	(2Marks)

   (b) State three effects of land dereliction	                                      	(3Marks)

5. 	(a) Give any two natural causes of earthquakes		             	 (2Marks)				

(b) Name three characteristics of the rift valley lakes of Kenya 	(3Marks)				

                                SectionB {75marks]

Instructions;
Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section

6. Study the map of Nyeri 1:50000 (sheet 12014) provided and answer the following questions.
a)	i) Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map.          		(2mks)

ii) What is the magnetic declination as at January 1975 of the map.     	(2mks)

b)	i) Calculate the bearing of trigonometrical station in grid square 7546 from the forest guard station in grid square 6155.                                                    		(2mks)
ii) Identify two types of vegetation found in Aberdares forest.                  	(2mks)

c)	Describe the drainage of the area covered by the map.                             	(7mks)

d)	With evidence from the map given three social functions of Nyeri town. 	(6mks)

e)	Explain two factors favoring trade in Nyeri town.                                   	 (4Mks)

7. 	The diagram below shows a simple fold
    	(a) (i) Name the part marked A, B and C 	                                     [3marks]	

										
        										
 (ii) Name three fold mountains outside Africa                                                    	[3marks]							
 (iii) Give thee landform associated with folded regions                                 		[3marks]			

        (b) With the aid of well labeled diagram describe the process of formation of Fold Mountain.                                  								(8Marks)

 (c) Explain four ways in which folding influences human activities		[8marks]		

	 
8.  a)i) What is chemical weathering	                                                            	[2Marks)
       
 ii) State five factors that affect the rate of chemical weathering in equatorial regions  

     											[5marks]
    b) Explain the following chemical weathering process
	   i) Carbonation			                                                          		(2Marks)					           
	   ii) Hydrolysis			                                                         		(2Marks)					           
	c) Explain four economic importance of weathering to physical and human environments                                                                                                          		[8marks]				
  	(d) Explain three factors which influence mass-wasting                     		[6marks]					
9 	(a) Give three reasons for over-exploitation of hardwoods in Africa. 	[3marks]			
    	(b) State four measures taken to conserve forests in Kenya.	          		 [4marks]				
    	(c) (i)  Name two major lumbering  provinces in Eastern Canada.     		[2marks]			
                 (ii) Explain the factors that have favored forestry in Canada.		[10marks]			
    	(d) Explain three differences between softwoods in Kenya and Canada.	[6marks]			

10	 (a) (i) State two ways in which wind erodes the surface of the earth. 	[2marks]			
 	      (ii) Explain three ways thorough which wind transports its load. 	[6marks]			
 	(b) Describe how the following desert features are formed:-
     (i) Zeugen			                                                                     		[5marks]		

						
    (ii) Rock pedestal		                                                                     		[5marks]			

					
(c)(i) Give the name given to rocky desert in the Sahara                    		[1mark]					
    (ii) Explain three positive effects of desert features to both human and physical 
         environment.                                                                                     		[6marks]